Factor Analysis in Distinguishing Coronavirus Disease 2019 From Other Influenza-like Illness Using a Validated Patient-reported Outcome Instrument FLU-PRO Plus: A Prospective Real-world Cohort Study.
Chrenka EA, Roblin DW, Gander JC, Powers JH 3rd, Cromwell L, Kodthala P, Whiting TS, Sesay MM, Segall MF, Deneal AN, Truitt AR, Sour EU, Martinson BC
InFLUenza Patient-reported Outcome (FLU-PRO Plus) is a 34-item patient-reported outcome instrument designed to capture the intensity and frequency of viral respiratory symptoms. We evaluated whether FLU-PRO Plus responses could discriminate between symptoms of COVID-19 and influenza-like illness with no COVID diagnosis across three integrated health care systems. FLU-PRO Plus was administered daily for 14 days, and 314 patients completed Day 1. Three symptom clusters (general body, tracheal/bronchial, and nasopharyngeal) identified from FLU-PRO Plus responses successfully discriminated patients with COVID-19 from non-COVID influenza-like illness and were associated with QoL and predicted symptom duration.